Trying to grow healthy, vibrant flowers without proper soil chemistry is definitely a case of putting the cart before the horse.  Good soil is the cornerstone of successful gardening, and it is important to make sure that your soil will meet the needs of your plants before the first seed is planted.

While soil chemistry is important no matter what types of plants or flowers you grow, it is particularly critical when it comes to working with bulbs, perennials or other plants that remain in the ground for than one season.  The reason is that the chemistry of the soil can change from year to year.  Therefore, if a formerly well blooming patch of the garden is looking a bit haggard, the first place to look is at the condition of the soil.  Erosion, overuse of pesticides and fertilizers and a number of other factors can impact the quality of the soil, so it is important to test the soil if you suspect a problem.

Of course the soil should be tested anytime a new flower bed is prepared as well.  It would be a mistake to assume that the soil chemistry is the same everywhere on your property, since the makeup of different patches of soil can be markedly different, due to past use, chemicals or residue in the ground, etc.

It is a good idea to have a thorough soil analysis done prior to planting a bed of flowers.  Most major cities have several laboratories that do soil testing, so be sure to contact such a lab to have the soil analyzed for pH level, and for levels of important plant nutrients.  If you are unsure where to get the soil tested, be sure to ask the staff at your local nursery or garden center for a recommendation.

After the present condition of the soil is known, you will be in a much better position to know how to amend the soil and make the changes that are needed.  Once you know the pH level, the level of organic material in the soil, the amount of clay, amount of sand, etc., you will be able to choose the right additives to provide your plants with what they need to thrive.

The pH level of the soil can be a particularly critical factor when deciding what types of plants will work best.  Most varieties of annuals, perennials and bulbs will grow well in a wide range of soil pH, but some plants have specific needs, and prefer soils that are either very alkaline or very acidic.  If your pH range is outside the norm, or if it needs to be amended, there are a number of ways to accomplish this goal.  For instance, limestone can be used to make acidic soil more alkaline, while sulfur is often used to make very alkaline soil more acidic.  A pH level that is out of balance can also be helped by adding humus. This rich soil can be created at home by using a compost bin, or it can be purchased ready made from a garden center or nursery.

After you know the baseline content of your flower bed, it will be easier to track chemistry changes from year to year, and to make amendments as needed.  The more you know about the quality of your soil, the more confident you can be that the plants you buy will thrive in your home garden.

When you are getting ready to maintain your lawn, it is best to test the soil in order to see what you will have to do in order to keep it looking healthy.  Soil testing will determine not only how much you need to water your lawn, but also will give you an idea of what nutrients are in your lawn.  If there are not enough nutrients, or if they are absorbed in the wrong way through the soil, then your lawn can easily not look as healthy as it was meant to be.

When you test your soil in your lawn, you will be able to measure how much of each type of nutrient your lawn will need to receive.  There are several ways to test your soil, as well as different conclusions that can be reached by measuring the soil in your lawn.

The first way to test your soil is through finding the pH balance of your soil.  There are several test kits that are available for your use to determine the level of pH that your soil is at.  If you are uncertain about using one of these kits, there are universities and companies which offer pH balance testing for your soil.  By knowing the pH, you can determine how many nutrients will be needed in order to balance out the soil.  If the pH is off, it will be harder for the right nutrients to be given to your grass.  By balancing out the nutrients through the pH, it will help with the growth of your lawn.

The second thing to consider with your soil is what type of soil you have.  There are generally four different categories that are included in the types of soils that are present.  The first kind is sand.  This is usually light and airy.  If your lawn has sandy soil, it will be harder to maintain for several reasons.  It is unable to carry a large amount of water or nutrients in it because it is a grainy type of soil that is smaller in size.  If you have sandy soil, it is best to either replace it with a lot of nutrients, or water frequently.

The second type of soil is silt.  This type of dirt is usually found around river beds.  Like sand, it can not retain much water and erodes easily.  The problem with silt is that it will not retain water or nutrients when you water.  Instead, it will wash away.  The third type of soil is clay.  This is opposite of sandy soil, as it is heavy in texture.  While it absorbs water and nutrients easier, because of its thick texture, it is often hard for this to reach the lawn.  The fourth type of soil is loam.  This is noted to be a balanced type of soil, with a good amount of nutrients, but it won’t cause drainage or hold things away from the plants.

You can test the soil you have by digging into your yard and picking up a handful of dirt.  If the dirt clumps together, it is more like the clay.  If it falls easily out of your hand it is closer to the sandy or silt type of soil.  The loam soil will be found if it stays in your hand, but does not clump together when you test it.

Once you know which type of soil you have, you can determine what types of nutrients or fertilizer you need to add in order to grow a great looking lawn.  If the nutrients are unbalanced in your yard, you might have problems with brown spots or wilting.

Soil testing will also help in determining how often you need to water your lawn.  If the soil is closer to a clay type, then it won’t be necessary to water your lawn as much.  If it is closer to a sandy or silt type of soil, then it is important to water it consistently, as the water won’t be absorbed as easily.

By testing your soil for both the pH balance, as well as for type of soil, you will be able to know how to maintain your lawn with little to no extra work.  It will also help your lawn to look healthy throughout the spring, summer and fall seasons.

The thing to remember while gardening is to start small.  A small plant bed, about 25 or 30 feet square is perfect, is just enough room for about 30 plants.  This will give you a chance to try out your green thumb and if you find that you enjoy your garden you can always expand and increase your plantings.

The next thing you will want to do is choose a site. Gardening must be done in an area that gets at least six hours of sunlight.  Try and stay away from large trees that will take your plants water and nutrients, and at least three feet from any fences or buildings.  In hot climates it is a good idea to choose a place that will have shade from a part of the intense afternoon sun.  It is possible to have a healthy garden with even ten to twelve hours of sunlight, but the type of plants must be adaptable.  While soil can always be improved, a site with good soil is a plus.  Avoid areas that have rocky soil, steep slopes, or areas where water stands.

Now comes the fun part: start digging.  Gardening is not a clean hobby; you’re going to have to get some dirt under your nails.  First remove the rocks, debris, and any grass and weeds then dig the spot up about one foot deep.  Level up the dirt and add compost or minerals if the needed.  If your soil is too acidic, add lime; if it is too sandy, add peat moss.  Plants will thrive in neutral to acidic soil with a little added fertilizer.

If you buy seeds then plant them according to the directions.  If picking plants, choose ones with green, healthy looking leaves and stems and healthy roots.  Put the smaller plants towards the front of the bed and larger ones in the back.  The key to a successful beginning in gardening is planting at the right time.  Make sure and wait until the frosts are over before planting.  If you are planting seeds the package will usually tell you exactly when you can plant them to achieve maximum growth.

Once you have started and gotten into gardening, making sure your plants receive enough water is essential to their growth.  Hand watering works well if you only have a few plants.  Other options include sprinklers or sprinkler hoses.  Watering is more effective during the cooler parts of the day.  The type of plant will depend on how much water is needed, but most require about an inch per week.  During the hottest periods plants will be need watering about three times per week.

One of the most helpful things to add to a garden is mulch or compost.  Just a few inches of organic mulch will improve fertility and help the soil hold moisture.  Wood chips, grass clippings, leaves, manure, and pine needles are all things that can be used as mulch.

There are many types of grasses used for green lawns; do you know which grass is best for your lawn?  The key to great looking green lawn is lawn fertilizers and weed control as well as using the right type of grass seed.  Most lawns are made up of many different types of grass seed and yours might need different seed in different areas. Mowing is an important ingredient to having a great looking lawn as well.

Let’s look at the type of grass that is best for your yard.  One of the first factors is to decide what zone you are in. There is a difference between the cool season zone and the warm season zone.  Warm season grasses are used best in the southern states in the United States and the cool season grasses are used in the North as well as Canada.  You may well be found in the middle of these two zones; in that case, you can contact your local county extension to ask which types of grass are best for your zone.

Warm season grasses are:

Bermudagrass

Buffalograss

Zoysiagrass

These are the most common grasses used in the warm season zone.

Cool season grasses include:

Bentgrasses

Bluegrasses

Fescues

Ryegrasses

The grasses can be mixed in your lawn to take advantage of the strength of the various types of grasses.  One of the items you may need to consider is if your lawn has shady spots.  Along with that, spaces in your yard that have at one time been covered by pine tree branches or have heavy foot traffic deserve special attention.  You may also be in a region that often is affected by drought.  For shaded spots, some of the cool season grasses such as bentgrass and bluegrass may be the answer to your problem.  In areas of heavy traffic, try the sturdy Kentucky bluegrass.  Some new strains of Kentucky bluegrass are also specially designed to be drought tolerant.

Red fescue is used to keep the lawn together and show a tighter appearance.  It is fine leaved and can stand close mowing.  Especially good for cool zones, it is strong and durable.  Meadowgrass is an excellent choice for regions that are prone to drought conditions.  It has a beautiful dark green color and has a good resistance to fungus diseases.  Bentgrass provides a good base to a lawn and by over seeding can give you an attractive tight looking lawn.  Ryegrass has a newly developed strain that stays green all year and has great wear tolerance.

Here are some recommendations of grasses for different parts of the country.  Kentucky bluegrass still seems to be the favorite grass for the Rocky Mountain and Plains states.  Bluegrass varieties that need minimal maintenance are; Belmont, Caliber, Cobalt, Monopoly, and Unique.  Kentucky bluegrass needs to be watered often, as the roots don’t grow deep and is an excellent choice for sports fields and for parks.  It likes to be mowed to a height of about two inches.

The grass recommended for the Northeast and Midwest is a good fescue.  This grass grows slowly, has wiry blades, and has a height of only six inches.  Lots of shade and moisture requires a hardy perennial relative of bluegrass called Poa supine.

The Southeast has a grass called centipede grass.  The grass is light colored, grows slowly, and requires less maintenance than other warm season grasses.

Sources say that grass is hard to grow in the Southwest.  A popular grass is regular Zoysia.  It turns brown in October and stays brown through March.  Zoysia loves the warm weather, turns brown if the temperature gets below 55 degrees, and loves to be cut short.  This grass is not a good grass to use in areas that get a full-blown winter.

In the great Northwest, bent grasses are well adapted to the climate of that area.  They do tend to be high maintenance but there are strains that have been developed for cool areas and are also low maintenance such as Velvet bentgrass.  Ryegrass is also a good choice for cooler weather climates.  You can use annual ryegrass for a quick fix on a lawn or you can choose perennial ryegrass for keeping your grass year after year.